Pile and means for driving the same.



L. E. WELSH. PILE AND MEANS PoR DRNING TEE SAME.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 1B, 1909. 975,487.

Patented Nov. 15, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

. .E W u@ L. E. WELSH. PILE AND MEANS POR DRIVING THE SAME.

3 BHEBTSPSHBET 2.

Patented Nw. 15, 1910./

L. E. WELSH. PILE AND ME ANS FR DRIVING THE SAME.

APPLIOATIOH 'FILED JUNE 19, 1909.

Patented Nov.15,1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

- ornis being made each in UNTED STATES: ATENT FEC..

'ErESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TG AMERICAN CONCRETE PL'LUJG COHIPANW' .A CORPORATON OF EENNSYL'i/jt.

Pfl-LE NJD MEANS FQR DRIVING THE SIi'E.

Specification of iettes Patent.

Patented Nov. 15, i910.

Application filed June 19, 1909. Serial No. 503,175.

To all whom may ce cern:

lie it known that l. lioUIs l". illnnsinn Citizen of the llnited States, residinl in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain n'xproveuients in Piles and Means for Driving' the Same, ot which thetfollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to that type of pile to loe driven in the ground, in Whlch an in-` ner driving forni is used.

The object of my present invention ist to so design. the pile that the inner drivlng 'torni will engage the outer driving torni or shell at more than one point so to distribute the blow throughout the length of the pile in contradistinction to drivin@ the pile 'from either the top filone or et the limer end or point alone.

My invention relates also to a pile having an inner driving forni end having outside shoulders. This form of pile is fully set forth :uid'descrihed in an application for patent tiled by me on the tenth clay oitvlune, tlltlf). Serial No. 501,356.

,in the accompanying drawings, Figure l, i longitudinal sectional view of a preparatory pile inade in accordance with my invention, the pile is shown as driven in the ground, and of a greater diameter at the top than at the point and having shoulders on its periphery; Figs. 2, and 3, are views illus trating one method of forming concrete piles hy the use of the preparatory pile illustrated in Fig. l; nig. l, is a sectional view of another forni of preparatory pile of en even diameter throughout; Fig. :3, is a sectional view ot a pile7 the inne" and outer drivino a single piece and. the point; heine; attached to the inner drivingr forni; Fig. (i, is a sectional view of a pile in which the outer driving;1 forni is made up of a series oit' concrete sections, each section having an outer shoulder; Fig. is a sectional view of n, pile in which the outer forni is nizide up of seperated by metallic rings forming shoulders; 8, is a secioniil view of a pile in which the outer forni is mede up of a series oi concrete shells ot different thickness 'form-- ing inside shoulders, the pile being of an even diameter throughout; 9, is e seC- tional view et e `pile in which the outer form ie made in oit :i Seriesiot concrete shelle, one sheli overieppine theotlier; l0, is a a series of concrete shells view ot :i pile in which the outer form is a single concrete shell; Fig. il, is a view showiuji` a pile in which the outer form is mede up of a series of concrete shells and the innertorm made up of a series of sections and rings; Figs. 1Q cations of the pile; Fig. 14C, is a vievi7 of a pile arranged to loe driven and jetted at the same time; and Figs. 15 and 16 are views of tapered piles.

Figs. l to 3, illustrate e preparatory pile, that is, a pile driven into the Iground to form a hole in which concrete or other material is inserted to form the permanent pile. In thisl type of pile there is en inner driving forni G and an outer driving,l forum. ln soine instances the pile can he driven by simply driving on the inner driving' form, the olow beingtransmitted from theinner driving form to the outer driving form and in other types of piles both the inner and outer driving forms can be driven, out hereto't'ore the pile was either driven by driving at thc top alone, or driving at the top and hotloin, the penetrating point@ being directly under the outer driving; form.

ly my invention l distribute the blow so that the oloiv on the inner driving forni is transmitted to the outer driving form at two or more points throughout the length of the pile.

ln the present instance the outer driving forni is made up'of a series of metallic shells il-f f2 connected to metallic 1ings E-E, the rings having flanges eog to which the she] ls :tre secured either by rivets or .other tastenings. On the inner edge of each ring is a shoulder e and on the inner driving t'orin are ang'es g'-g adapted to bear upon said shoulders, both the inner :ind outer driving form rest upon shoulders of the point. C which in the'present instance has a flange c which extends into the space loe'- tvveen the two forms and holds one central in respect to the other.r H is o. driving head recessed as shown to receive the upper ends of the inner and outer driving forms and il is the ordinary cushion used on this type of head. Erich of the rings E-E lies eX- ternal shoulders aff-a tanered in the present instance and the severasections *-f and f2 of the outer driving form are or di'lerenl; diameters, the. lower section being comparatively small and the others increasing in and 13, are views of modifi! port the load carried hy the pile.

diameter, as shown, eo that the pile of this l torni 1s greater .in diameter at the upper end or butt than at the lower end The point C oi' the pile ran he ot the saine diameter as the .section fol the outer driving; :troni or can he ot' a greater diameter. as shown in Fig. Li, so as to relieve the tiret section of undue skin tru-tion.

ln Home inetanees the several shoulders may he oi greater dian'ieter than the section ot pil i :there it. and in this (faire the shoulder of the pile is either Dart of the permanent pile and remains in the ground. or they are made separate troni the pile and the sections ivh-ieh are in the toi-1n ol rings remain. in the ground after the preparatory pile is removed.

In driving the pile illustrated 'in Fig. 1., into the tground the outer drivingA torni ii; driven not onlyhy the head il hut also hy the {lang-es (/--g and the point C is driven by hoth the inner and outer drivingu torni so that the initial penetration ot the A`(frontal is made hy the point. and the shoulders or novela-al portions' a-ai ot the rings increase the diameter 'of the hole in the ground. The hole when iorined `will inereaee in diameter from the bottoni to the top and ehouldere4 will be formed at intervals which tend to supllhe hole formed hy the pile illustrated in Fig. il, may he iilled in many ditterent nys. ln. Sonie grounds the preparatory pile zitter forming the hole can he entirely removed and. een Crete placed therein hy any suitable appliance, or the concrete rauhe inserted in the pile as illustrated in iligs. 2 and 3. in this instanee the tubular inner f lriving torni il is raised, as indicated in Fin". 2, until its lower end is at or near the rino; 1.', then. eoncrete is inserted in the pile afi indieated in Fig. 2i then. the form is raised with the outer form to position illustrated in 'Fin'. f3, and additional concrete is inserted, the tiret eoncrete filling the hole and as the tivo 'tornis are raised the concrete will till the hole `without the liahilityvoi its bridging. due to any inner obstruction Such as would he the ease ii the inner dri viner forni was entirely removed und'eoncrete allowed to he dropped into the outer driving` torni. lnthissinstane y the drivingg point C remains in the `:rround and forniethe base or point ot the permanent pile. By this method ot iilliirg, the outer driving torni Supports the earth and prevents extended eaveins, so that the pile is properly made througluiut its length. 'the hole may he/ filled by raising' the inne' and outer drivingv torni simultaneously, hut. it' the inner driving.;- torni is entirely ren'ioved then are must he taken to insure the proper l filling` oll the pile hy a ranuuer or other device.

ln Fig. l, l have shoivn a pile in which the outer driving torni F is of an even. di-

or point.

l l l l l l l i l i i l l l i neetinggr 'the several l l l anieter throughout and the rings E2 eonsections of the pile do not project beyond the surface oli' the pile. in this ine-tance the inner shoulders i are formed. on 'the rings; and the inner driving torni G is made of series oi sections Cured. together.

The point C in this in? stance is lnade in two sections .Y--ey the ring;` section c is not attached to either'drivtorni and remains in t-he ground. hut has an inner shoulder upon which the inner section c rests and this inner section is attached to the inner driving forni G and ,isf type of pointfs y an applica;-

reniovahle with it. This iully illustrated and claimed tion for patent tiled b v ine on' thelth day ot lfecernher 1908. lerial No. 469,834.

ln lfig. 5, have shown the outer and iii-- ner driving forms F2 and (l: made of'a. einf gie piece and each having shouldersso that. the inner driving torni will engage thev outer driving i'orin and the outer has also the beveled external shoulders. The point section il in this instance isznlounted within the end ot the outer driving form and eonneeted rigidly to the inner driving torni and ren'iovahle 'with it so that when the inner drivinfgt'orni .isremoved and thel holo filled through the outer driving; form no portion ot the point remains in the ground.

.In Fig. (i, l have shown :in inner driving forni similar to that illustrated in Fig. 4, with an outer driving` torni F3 made up of e. .series oi eonerete sections '3 and these seetions 'or shells increase in liaiiieter from thepoint to the butt of the pile, forming inner reste and in this instance the outer shoulders are formed on the upper end oi each section, these shoulders being beveled in the present instance. '.ihe shells are also preferahly reinforced hy any suitable reinforcing material..

ln Fig. i, l lniveillustrated an outer driving .torni l'H niade up ot a series ot concrete shells ot il?" rent diameters and metallic rings [langt-fd ...oineivhat similar to the rings illustrated. iu Fig. l.; in this instance the rings are not; connected to the shells. The inner driving` torni tl has lianges g-g and g2 which hear upon the`inner shoulders of the rings and the inner driving form also hears" upon the .point C3. In thisrinstanee driving forni I tlieouter drivingr torni remains in the 120 ground with the point and the rings. I have also illustrated eaeh ring seotion'of greater diameter than the concrete section above it so as to relieve said section of skin friction.-

ln Fig. 8, T. have shown a lpile in which the outer i'orin Ff' is ot' an even diameter throughout and the concrete sections of this pile 'decreased in thickness troni the bottom to the top thue forming inner shoulders for the flanges of the inner driving form G4, the

eve,

sections of the outer drivin form" being held central Jhy n snug lit on tie inner driving .form. In all the piles in which the outer .overlzipi'iing the other and ezieli` section bevelecl at its lower edgeto form the outside shoulder., the inner Shoulder being formed by the end oi the section.

ln Fig. il), I have shown a driving` forni G similar to that ilhisirated in Fig. Si, with the exception that the lowef' end is eloeed nt the bottoni nnd in this ligure l have shown a concrete outer forni i"T nmde in n single piece. including the poin, and this single piece may be reinforced in any nninner desiredand in sonne instnneee the outer driving forni may he inode in Sections diided :it the shoulders.

In Fig. 1l, l bin e .shown n inner driving forni (l4 inside up of :i series oi' shells; /-l/ and if: connected together by rings f/; the upper end has n ring d adapted to reeei ve the driving hezul Iig. The outer forni if in his instance is inode np ot :i neries of'cnn- 'Tete-shells, but the shellbl ni.i v be of inetnl. il desired when both forni,- zue to be simply prepnraitorv Ipiles.

In Fig. l2. l have Vshown the inner drivinl;y forni (1" n'nide of n single piece hanged. the forni increases in diameter from the point to the bult and die outer driving 1forni l"T is nnide upo n series of Section5, one section haring' internal fizniges @it one end and external finir i nl the other enel. the flangeb of one .Section overlapping he flanges of the other und the two Sei-tions are prei'- erably .secured together by rivets or other fnsteningn. ln thin ineinnee' the poin Cf is ninde in the forni ol :i ring with nu open renter; by this nrrnngenient the earth peren-es into the inner form sind cnn be removed therefrom b v nn): suitable means, the point: in this instnni'e in loo e und reninins` in the ground.

ln Fig. lil. l hure .shown the inner driving' forni (2" milde up or" n eeries oi' inngggerl sertions connefted together bv screw threndqv sind the outer forni innde up of sections Sei-ured together by screw thi-ende. the lower ends of ent-h oi the sei-tions being beveled forming the outer shoulders.

ln ll, l hnve illustrnted :l pile which min be driven :and sin'iultnneously ietted into the ground. in this infitnnee the onlei .lriving forni if is inode in a Single piece having shoulder@l ai; intervals and. pnssngeivays e'. at the shoulders for A'the jetting streams o'f water. GT is the inner driving forni having invheads q and (,F'. the point r/z being part of the outer driving t'orni in the present in- -stnnre nnd having Channels so that :is the pile is driven the water is admitted iirst to the point. then :in the first shoulder readies the ground. waiter is admitted under this shoulder through the passage Il". then when the sserond shoulder renifh's the surizu'e of the ground. the walter is admitted to this shoulder through the passage 7a2 so that by this means the pile cnn be very quickly driven ns the Aground under the point of the Dile und under the shoulders is disturbed by the of wider.

Fig. l5 shows n pile in whieh the outer driving l'orni l" is lnpered :nul hns :i series ol inner Shoulders for the hinges of the inner driving forni.

Fig. lil shows n pile in which the outer forni lf is tapered and has u series of ouier. shoulders, the inner driving; form bearing` upon inner Shoulders on the outer driving forni.

lt will be seen b v the Severnl constructions above mentioned that the ,inner drivin forni beurs upon shoulders on the onler eriving :lorin between the point :ind the butt of the pile, tir-.1s ditriliuting the )rossore and where n concrete forni is used the inner driving forni preventn the crushing of the sei'- tion of the outer driving forni.

ln en :ipplienlion iiled October l5, 1910, Seri-nl li'uniber 587.1?3. l have deseribed and claimed .e proc-esas of preparing concrete piles in the groundl in the use of which certain of die forms disclosed herein muy he employed.

l claim:

' l. The combination of' nn inner and :u1 outer pile forni, the outer forni having n series of internal .shoulders nnfhthe inner form having iengges engaging the upper :nirfaees ojl Said shoulders to exert n downward pressure, whereby the driving blow will be distributed over n pluraiity of points.

The conibinntion of n non-expanding ouier liorni :in inner ornn'n point on which both forme the onier fornflniving :in internal shoulder disposed between seid point and the upper or brit end of .said forni and lie inner forni having n portion seid r henlder so as to exert n downwerd presure when the giorni? nre driven.

3. The conihinotion oif en inner and an outer driving forni. each having a Series of engaging ehoulderfl and being (unconnected forni een be withdiin'n without dis- ,dei:'-:, the inner driving;v lorin having slioulthe pile, the shoulders of the inner forni resting; upon the shoulders of the outer forni so es 1.o distribute the drivirtg blow and the shouldess of the inner forni being sneli thin,

turning the outer ifoiin,

5. in n pile, the eoniliinetion of :in enter forni, en inner forni une paint, seid inner forni being previded with iziterziliy extend ed noriio iler driving engagement with the outer forni nt one or more pieces between the point rind 'nitt 'whereby :i driving hlow imparted, to seid inner i'orni to force the srnrtni'e inio'the ground is tizi-iisinitted to l the enter forni :it n plurality of points. I A (i. The eoinliinzition`r in :i pile, ol :in outer l forni iiioi'eesiiig in linnn-rter from the point l io the lnitt rind hinting shoulders successively introns-ing; in dinnietor :ind

iin inner driving forni engaging' :i ilni'zililj; oilt sind slmnh'lers.

7. The eoiniiinntion in n pile, ot :in outer driving 'forni increasing in dinineter ii'oina thef'point io the huit :ind hziving n .series of zones sepiirzied h v beveled shoulders? with :in yinner driving forni engaging the outer shell et the shoulders.

8. The combination in :i pile increasing in diameter from the point to the hutt, said pileliaving- :in enter foi-in consisting of n series of zones seperated by a .series of heveled shinilderg :l poinn end :in inner drivingr iforni resting on the `point und havinga enlnrgen'ienis re jing upon the onnr driving forni :it the shoulders.

fl. ifhe eoinhinntion in n pile increasing in diameter :lioin the point tothe hnlt and have point section, of n series of shells of different diameters eonneeted together by rings iforiningar shoulders, and e drivingsection resting upon the point und having pio jeetions engraving; the sl'ioulders of the f-onneeting" rings to impart the drivii'igA force thereto. i

l0. A preparatory pile consistingA ot' :in inner driving` forni7 :in outer driving terni having n series of internally disposed shoulders engaging and triinsinitting the @hiring` torce to a plurality of seid shoulders, and :i detachable point in driving engagement with both forins.

il, The eoinliinntion in n preparatory pile7 of an inner and an onier drivin Y I'iorin,

the outer driving 'foi-in l wing a einen? shoiilde with en inner driving forni havingl projecting flanges adapted; to bear against the inner shoulders,

i2. The combination in :i preparatory pile7 of in inner find :in outer driving forni, the outer drivingr forni 'being nitide'y up of :1 series of sections increasing in diameter ii'oni the point to the butt, with tapered shoulders dividing the sections and having n series of inner shoulders, an. inner driving forni having.; e series of circuler flanges henring` upon the inner shoulders1 and n point extending under both the inner and outer dririnn' ioiins.

i3. rl`he combination, in a preparatory pile, of :in inner driving Iform, an outer drivingv forni, said outer form increasing in' diameter 'from the point to the butt `and having e plurality of internally disposed shoulder and a tuhnliir inner driving forni having;y shoulders for driving engagement with the shoulders of the outer driving forin at n 'plurality or plzioes.

le. The eoniliination in a preparatory pile of :i series oi' continuous walled shells of ditli'erent diameters increasing from point to l utt,.a series of rings connectingf the shells, eeen ring having an Lipper and lower flange or different diameters to which said shells are connected and nn inner flange forming :i bearing", un inner driving forni having :i pliiriility of shoulders arranged to engage the inner flanges of the ring sections, and a detachable point section. i

15, The combination, in a pile, of an inner driving foi'iirandnn outerfdriving form, said enter forni being mad e up of a series of concrete shells arranged one above another and having .internal diameters increasing from point to butt providing internal slioulders at their meetingpoints, and the inner driving forni linvi1ig`iianges for driving engiigrement with the shoulders of the outer drivingforni.

lfn testimony whereof, l have signed myl naine to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

wii/Yitnesses:

Uhr. E. Snnri:t WAL A. BARR. 

